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Students learn about buoyancy, density, and force by testing materials to build water crafts. Which will float, sink, or sit on the surface?

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Demonstrate the difference between positive buoyancy, negative buoyancy, and neutral buoyancy.
Apply the key concepts of buoyancy, density, and the balancing of forces to create a device that is capable of diving and surfacing.
Utilize the three step design process to meet an engineering challenge.

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For each group of student, prepare:

3 film canisters (1 set for every team of four students)
Glue stick

For the class, prepare:

1 half-pint water bottle
1 large (66 qt.) plastic container
Balloons
Rubber bands
Tape
Drinking straws
Plastic aquarium or large clear container
Tubing
One plastic container filled with water
Objects for retrieval
Weights (Beads, pennies, etc.)
Paper clips
Duct tape
Bubble wrap
Pipe cleaners
Syringes
Styrofoam peanuts
Corks

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Review the following key concepts:

Force: a push or a pull
Buoyancy: an upward force acting on an immersed or floating body by a fluid

Consider the resources and designs needed for this activity. Review concepts that are important to the design process: brainstorming, teamwork, and testing.

Have all materials ready and accessible for students. Note that students will not use all materials (they choose what they want to use).

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Introduce the Challenge:
- Tell students that they design a set of simple devices that house instruments to take water samples for the Water Quality Monitoring Project. They need to collect samples at the surface, middle, and bottom of the body of water in front of you.
- Students must design three instruments, each varying in density so that one will float, one will hover, and one will sink.
Introduce the Constraints:
Tell students the following -
- You can use any materials provided or found at the class resource table.
- Each member of your group must participate in solving the design process.
- You will need to use a different film canister for each challenge: floating, sinking and hovering. The hovering canister should be free to move around (i.e. not tethered or anchored).
Build & Demonstration:
- Give students about ten minutes to build.
- Ask open-ended questions to help guide students through the design process but should also allow students space to tinker.
- After building time, have students demonstrate their act for the class.
Wrap-up:
- Discuss with students about their thoughts and observations that they had during the activity.
- Ask students to apply what they have learned and answer the following questions:

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Buoyancy

Buoyancy

Buoyancy

Overview